PDF Major Field Test in Psychology Sample Questions One of the most central concepts in social psychology is that of attitudes (Banaji & Heiphetz, 2010). The theory is a model for building resistance to persuasion attempts by exposing people to arguments against their beliefs and giving them counter arguments to refute attacks. EMCrit Blog.Published on December 31, 2015. Your fake news, our facts: Identity-based motivation shapes what we believe, share, and accept Oyserman, D. & Dawson, A. Research has … Expand 1995). Therefore, we also decided to model an incremental theory and fixed theory as separate constructs. Stress inoculation therapy is a cognitive behavioural approach to stress management developed by Donald Meichenbaum (1977). Conspiracy Beliefs: Knowledge, Ego-Defense, and Social Integration in the Processing of Fake News Albaraccin, D. 12. Inoculation theory The diffusion of fake news can be modeled much like the spread of a viral contagion (Budak, Agrawal, and El Abbadi 2011; Kucharski 2016). This essay will document the development of inoculation theory as well as the use of forewarning in forming resistance. Resilience theory and positive psychology are both applied fields of study, meaning that we can use them in daily life to benefit humanity, and both are very closely concentrated on the importance of social relationships (Luthar, 2006; Csikszentmihalyi & Nakamura, 2011). Inoculation theory offers an intuitive solution to this problem by offering the possibility of a 'vaccine' against fake news (van der Linden 2017). The theory of psychological inoculation takes the historic practice of vaccination in medicine into the realm of resistance to persuasion (McGuire, 1964). Once attitude inoculation had been demonstrated consistently in the laboratory, researchers decided to see if attitude inoculation could be used to help parents, teachers, and social service agents deal with a pressing social problem that kills about 440,000 people in the U.S. every year: cigarette smoking. In fact, the earliest research on the theory in the 1960s involved health issues to build empirical support for tenets in the inoculation framework. is a new game developed in partnership between the University of Cambridge and the UK Government. The current study addresses this gap in the literature. We will trace inoculation's development; reconsider some of its assumptions; explore its application in contexts of health, politics, and marketing; and discuss ethics of resistance-based message strategies. The inoculation theory informs us about how to strengthen our existing attitudes and beliefs, and resist attempts of persuasion. In medical immunization, weakened Monitoring online data related to COVID-19 vaccine candidates can track vaccine misinformation in real-time and assist in negating its impact. A preliminary study of primary prevention of test anxiety among elementary school students: A phenomenological perspective: Psychology in the Schools Vol . It has gen-erated hundreds and hundreds of studies, from which much has been learned Inoculation theory The most well-known framework for conferring resistance against (malicious) persuasion is inoculation theory (McGuire, 1964; Compton, 2013). Similarly, inoculation theory proposes that people can be "inoculated" against misinformation by being exposed to a refuted version of the message beforehand . In a medical inoculation, a virus is weakened to the point where it will not make the person sick, but it will trigger protective responses, like antibodies. Inoculation theory in the post‐truth era: Extant findings and new frontiers for (.) Inoculation theory, a theory of conferring resistance to persuasive influence, has established efficacy as a messaging strategy in the health domain. We will see that attitudes are an essential component of our lives because they play a vital role in helping us effectively . T1 - Countering Misinformation and Fake News Through Inoculation and Prebunking. But this prescription falls short, for infected minds can become fact-resistant.More importantly, our . construct with incremental theory and fixed theory on opposite ends of that continuum was not empirically justified. Inoculation theory takes the concept of vaccination, where we are exposed to a weak form of a virus in order to build immunity to the real virus, and applies it to knowledge. Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance has been one of the most influential theories in social psychology (Jones, 1985). Inoculation Theory. Stress inoculation training (SIT) is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 11. Abstract. Inoculation theory is unique. The core tenets of forewarning, inoculation and its theoretical basis will firstly be outlined (McGuire, 1961a). Inoculation theory is within the scope of WikiProject Autism, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of all aspects of autism and Autistic culture on Wikipedia. CBT is a commonly used form of psychotherapy (talk therapy) that can help you recognize and change incorrect and/or negative thoughts that have been influencing your behavior. Aside from this, he works on media theory, content analytics, social media, the dynamics of online debate, and development of the mass media landscape in Eastern Ukraine. Since its creation, the uses of inoculation theory have been expanded the areas of health, political, educational, and commercial messaging. Klingman, A., & Zeidner, M. (1990). The present essay will demonstrate the role of forewarning and inoculation in the process of resistance to persuasion. Research in several domains has shown that attitudinal inoculation effectively promotes resistance to persuasion. Introduction Rumors and conspiracy theories, can contribute to vaccine hesitancy. The Case Against the Growth Mindset as Inoculation Hypothesis. The theory follows the model of vaccinations: A person's attitude, belief, or self-esteem can be protected against future threats through exposure to a weakened version of that threat, similar to . Inoculation theory is a social psychological / communication theory that explains how an attitude or belief can be protected against persuasion or influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease-for example, through pre-exposure to weakened versions of a stronger, future threat. Stress inoculation therapy involves three phases: 1) conceptualization - using the cognitive interview to identify and clarify . Accessed on December 2nd 2021. Y1 - 2021/2/22. How to use inoculation in a sentence. Our work in recent years has therefore focused on how to prevent people from falling for misinformation in the first place, building on a framework from social psychology known as inoculation theory. This model integrates insights from several influential literatures in social psychology and organizational behavior . 15, No. This theory is often explained and equated to vaccinations, immunizations, flu shots and the like; hence its name, Inoculation Theory. Ingroup experts and peers as social vaccines who inoculate the self-concept: The stereotype inoculation model N Dasgupta Psychological Inquiry 22 (4), 231-246 , 2011 Stress Inoculation Training is often used in conjunction with other therapy . From a topical standpoint, this handbook takes an interdisciplinary approach, covering issues that will be of interest to interpersonal and mass communication researchers as well as to . Annals of the International Communication Association, 29 (1), 97-145. He argued that just as people can be inoculated against a flu virus, they could also be inoculated against stress and become stress-resistant. Stress inoculation - whereby they can develop an "adaptive stress . In P. J. Kalbfleisch (Ed. This study aimed to examine COVID-19 vaccine rumors and conspiracy theories circulating on online platforms, understand their context, and then review interventions to . It is designed to get people to acknowledge the vulnerability of existing attitudes to potential change. Learn more. A little more than 60 years ago, Leon Festinger published A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (1957). "The effects of initial belief level on inoculation theory and its His research focuses on inoculation theory. The Second Edition of The SAGE Handbook of Persuasion: Developments in Theory and Practice provides readers with logical, comprehensive summaries of research in a wide range of areas related to persuasion. N2 - There has been increasing concern with the growing infusion of misinformation, or "fake news", into public discourse and politics in many western democracies. Which of the following theories would be most relevant in helping Jennifer resist this imminent challenge to her beliefs? Inoculation theory of resistance to influence at maturity: Recent progress in theory development and application and suggestions for future research. D'Alembert versus Bernoulli: probability, psychology, and assent . The theory, given by social-psychologist William J. McGuire is explained with the help of examples. inoculation theory n. Source: A Dictionary of Psychology Author(s): Andrew M. Colman. Just as vaccines generate antibodies to resist future viruses, inoculation messages equip people with counterarguments that potentially convey resistance to future misinformation . Benoit (1991). Inoculation theory boasts a dynamic history since McGuire first introduced it in the early 1960s. In: Social and Personality Psychology Compass . Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 10. There is an emerging field of research called attitude inoculation that has promising applications for parents and teens. Much like how a real vaccine is a weakened version of a particular pathogen, a cognitive inoculation is a weakened version of an argument that is subsequently refuted, Cite this post as: Mike Lauria. Similarly, inoculation theory proposes that people can be "inoculated" against misinformation by being exposed to a refuted version of the message beforehand . "Inoculation theory of resistance to influence at maturity" (pages 97-105, 121-129). The theory predicts that cultural truisms that most people have never heard being questioned, such as It is a good idea to brush your teeth three times a day if possible, should be more vulnerable to persuasion . Stress Inoculation Therapy is conceptually similar to Relapse Prevention methods used in addictions therapy. Inoculation Theory McGuire' s inoculation theory (McGuire & Papageorgis, 1961) can be traced to early research demonstrating that two-sided messages appeared capable of producing more long lasting impact than one-sided . Inoculation theory is a framework from social psychology that posits that it is possible to pre-emptively confer psychological resistance against (malicious) persuasion attempts (Compton, 2013; McGuire & Papageorgis, 1961). Over the ensuing decades, scholars have further examined the effectiveness of inoculation-based . Instead of offering ways to enhance persuasion, inoculation offers resistance to persuasion. Josh Compton Purpose: Hyperthermia is a fatal risk for children in closed vehicles. A different but parallel development connected to smallpox, inoculation, data, and psychology took place in France some years later, this one involving another great and influential Enlightenment figure, Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717-83). It's tempting to think that the cure lies in a renewed commitment to facts and evidence. In general, predictions from inoculation theory were confirmed: all Inoculation theory of resistance to influence. In this chapter we will focus on attitude formation, attitude change, and the influence of attitudes on behavior. McGuire (1964) suggested that attitudes could be inoculated against persuasive attacks in much the same way that one's immune system can be inoculated against viral attacks. (A) Adaptation-level theory (B) Self-actualization theory (C) Balance theory (D) Social judgment theory (E) Inoculation theory 14. A vaccine works by injecting a weak strain of a virus into the body and allowing a person's immune system to learn to fight off the disease, strengthening the body and creating immunity to the virus. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page , where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. Mass inoculation in a community: The effect of primary prevention of stress reactions: American Journal of Community Psychology Vol 13(3) Jun 1985, 323-332. Turns out, it might be. Inoculation Theory continues to be studied today by communication, social psychology, and social science researchers. Numerous theories have emerged since the 1950s including Cognitive Dissonance Theory, Congruity Theory and William McGuire¿½s Inoculation Theory. In SIT, patients are educated about stressful situations and the general nature of stress, the negative outcomes they may be vulnerable to experiencing when confronted with stress, and steps they can take to avoid those negative outcomes. Inoculation theory takes the concept of vaccination, where we are exposed to a weak form of a virus in order to build immunity to the real virus, and applies it to knowledge. In fact, the earliest research on the theory in the 1960s involved health issues to build empirical support for tenets in the inoculation framework. Jon Roozenbeek is the Google Jigsaw Postdoctoral Fellow at the Cambridge Social Decision-Making Lab in the Department of Psychology. Based on 'inoculation theory', it simulates an environment for users to play the role of fake news producer, so they can understand how COVID-19 misinformation circulates online. Despite its proven efficacy, inoculation has not been empirically tested as a strategy for preventing the adoption of beliefs and attitudes consistent with violent extremist ideologies. 6. Inoculation Theory was developed by social psychologist William J. McGuire in 1961 to explain more about how attitudes and beliefs change, and more important, how to keep original attitudes and beliefs consistent in the face of persuasion attempts. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page , where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.
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